A piano keyboard diagram is shown and explained below. This section will help you better understand the layout of a piano keyboard.
Let’s first of all take a look at an unlabeled piano keyboard layout, i.e. without the note names. The one shown in the first piano keyboard layout has two octaves, a total of 24 notes. In an 88 key piano, there are 36 black keys and 52 white keys. 76 key keyboards come with 31 black keys and 45 white keys, 61 key keyboards come with 25 black keys and 36 white keys, while 49 key keyboards have 20 black keys and 29 white ones.
- It has 89 keys, taking out six keys from the uppermiddle section in the full keyboard, replacing with 10 number keys. Its size might be similar to TKL (ten keyless) keyboard. It is slightly bigger than my first mechanical keyboard, qisan 68-key keyboard, smaller than the aged Logitech K750 (for Mac).
- FIODIO Membrane Gaming Keyboard, USB Wired Keyboard with Rainbow Backlit, 104 Comfortable Quiet Silent Keys, 26 Anti-Ghosting Keys, Spill Resistant, Multimedia Control for PC and Desktop Computer 4.2 out of 5 stars 252.
Editors Keys for Shortcut Keyboards, Backlit Video Editing Keyboards, USB Microphones, Final Cut Pro X Keyboard, Adobe Premiere Pro CC Keyboard, Pro Tools Keyboard, Logic Keyboards, Cubase Keyboard Mac Keyboard Covers & Surface Keyboard Covers and Headphones and Vocal Booth. Optical keyboard technology was introduced in 1962 by Harley E. Kelchner for use in a typewriter machine with the purpose of reducing the noise generating by actuating the typewriter keys. An optical keyboard technology utilizes light-emitting devices and photo sensors to optically detect actuated keys. The number keys can on your keyboard might stop working for one of a dozen different reasons, the most common ones being a hardware problem, an issue with your keyboard’s drivers or an anomaly in your keyboard settings that has rendered the number keys unusable.
Someone new to the piano may feel overwhelmed when they first take a look at its keys. “How do I remember so many notes?” But as we shall see later it is very simple to understand. Hint: repetition. Highly Recommended: Click here for the BEST piano/keyboard course I’ve come across online.
Here’s a simple piano keyboard diagram (below this paragraph). The white keys are all labeled. If you look closely, you will realize that the same note names are being repeated over and over. These notes are A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Whether it’s a 49, 61, 76 or 88 key keyboard, this is the note pattern of a piano.
In the piano keyboard layout immediately below this paragraph, I have ventured to add a more complete piano keyboard diagram. As you will see, both the black and white keys have been named. As for the black keys, they each have two note names. There’s D-Flat (or C-Sharp), E-Flat (or D-Sharp), G-Flat (or F-Sharp), A-Flat (or G-Sharp) and B-Flat (or A-Sharp).
Watch this lesson:
To help you better understand sharps (♯) and flats (♭), let’s find out what a semitone is. A semitone is also called a half step or half tone and is the smallest interval used in Western music. It is the distance between two notes which are next to one another in pitch. So the distance between C and C-Sharp is one semitone, the distance between D and D-Sharp is one semitone and the same can be said for the distance between A and A-flat.
What is the note that is one semitone higher than C? The answer is C-Sharp. What is the note that is one semitone higher than D? The answer is D-Sharp. Let’s go the other way around. What is the note that is one semitone lower than D? The answer is D-Flat. One semitone lower than E? It’s E-Flat.
A whole tone means a distance of two semitones, i.e. the distance between two notes which are separated by one other note in pitch. For instance, C and D, D and E, and F and G are each one whole tone apart.
A piano comes with a 12 note pattern. This can be seen in the piano keyboard diagram above. While there are many notes on a piano, it’s really 12 notes being repeated over and over. On an acoustic piano it is repeated over 7 times. We see in our piano keyboard layout above that the 12 notes are C, C-Sharp (D-Flat), D, D-sharp (E-Flat), E, F, F-Sharp (G-Flat), G, G-Sharp (A-Flat), A, A-Sharp (B-Flat), and B. Take a look at the piano keyboard chart below. It consists of the 12 notes of a piano or music keyboard.
To better understand the piano keys layout see how the black keys on a piano are grouped together in groups of two’s and three’s. Do you notice how many groups of two’s there are? How about the groups of three’s?
You will also notice that the note C always comes before the group of 2 flats (or sharps), while F always comes before the group of 3 flats (or sharps). On a 49 key keyboard, there are 5 C’s, on a 61 and 76 key keyboard there are 6 C’s, and there’s 8 on an 88 key keyboard.
- The first note on a 49 key keyboard is C and the last note is C.
- The first note on a 61 key keyboard is C and the last note is C.
- The first note on a 76 key keyboard is E and the last note is G.
- The first note on an 88 key piano is A and the last note is C.
If you have an 88 key piano (find diagram here), look at your piano keyboard layout and find middle C. Middle C lies towards the center of your keyboard. It’s not exactly in the center of the keyboard but it’s the centermost C. The location of this note is very important to remember when learning to play the piano.The piano keyboard diagram below shows the various piano notes C, D, E, F, G, A and B. There’s a treble clef, a bass clef and a grand staff. Notice that the “C” in the treble clef and the “C” in the bass clef are the same note. This is the point where they cross and meet on the Grand Staff. It is known as Middle C.
Piano Keyboard Keys Layout – 49 Key Piano Keyboard Notes
The following is the layout of notes on a 49 key piano keyboard.
Piano Keyboard Keys Layout – 61 Key Piano Keyboard Notes
The following is the layout of notes on a 61 key piano keyboard.
Further Reading
Comments
comments
Table of Contents
- Mouse
- Keyboard
Mouse
General Buttons
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| LButton | The left mouse button when used with Send, but the primary mouse button when used with hotkeys. In other words, if the user has swapped the buttons via system settings, LButton:: is physically activated by clicking the right mouse button, but Send {LButton} performs the same as physically clicking the left button. To always perform a logical left click, use Click Left or Send {Click Left}. |
| RButton | The right mouse button when used with Send, but the secondary mouse button when used with hotkeys. In other words, if the user has swapped the buttons via system settings, RButton:: is physically activated by clicking the left mouse button, but Send {RButton} performs the same as physically clicking the right button. To always perform a logical right click, use Click Right or Send {Click Right}. |
| MButton | Middle or wheel mouse button |
Advanced Buttons
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| XButton1 | 4th mouse button. Typically performs the same function as Browser_Back. |
| XButton2 | 5th mouse button. Typically performs the same function as Browser_Forward. |
Wheel
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| WheelDown | Turn the wheel downward (toward you). |
| WheelUp | Turn the wheel upward (away from you). |
| WheelLeft WheelRight | [v1.0.48+]: Scroll to the left or right. Requires Windows Vista or later. These can be used as hotkeys with some (but not all) mice which have a second wheel or support tilting the wheel to either side. In some cases, software bundled with the mouse must instead be used to control this feature. Regardless of the particular mouse, Send and Click can be used to scroll horizontally in programs which support it. |
Keyboard
Note: The names of the letter and number keys are the same as that single letter or digit. For example: b is B and 5 is 5.
Although any single character can be used as a key name, its meaning (scan code or virtual keycode) depends on the current keyboard layout. Additionally, some special characters may need to be escaped or enclosed in braces, depending on the context. [v1.1.27+]: The letters a-z or A-Z can be used to refer to the corresponding virtual keycodes (usually vk41-vk5A) even if they are not included in the current keyboard layout.
General Keys
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| CapsLock | CapsLock (caps lock key) Note: Windows IME may interfere with the detection and functionality of CapsLock; see CapsLock and IME for details. |
| Space | Space (space bar) |
| Tab | Tab (tabulator key) |
| Enter | Enter |
| Return | Deprecated: Use the synonym Enter instead to reduce ambiguity. |
| Escape (or Esc) | Esc |
| Backspace (or BS) | Backspace |
Cursor Control Keys
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| ScrollLock | ScrollLock (scroll lock key). While Ctrl is held down, ScrollLock produces the key code of CtrlBreak, but can be differentiated from Pause by scan code. |
| Delete (or Del) | Del |
| Insert (or Ins) | Ins |
| Home | Home |
| End | End |
| PgUp | PgUp (page up key) |
| PgDn | PgDn (page down key) |
| Up | ↑ (up arrow key) |
| Down | ↓ (down arrow key) |
| Left | ← (left arrow key) |
| Right | → (right arrow key) |
Numpad Keys
Due to system behavior, the following keys separated by a slash are identified differently depending on whether NumLock is ON or OFF. If NumLock is OFF but Shift is pressed, the system temporarily releases Shift and acts as though NumLock is ON.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Numpad0 / NumpadIns | 0 / Ins |
| Numpad1 / NumpadEnd | 1 / End |
| Numpad2 / NumpadDown | 2 / ↓ |
| Numpad3 / NumpadPgDn | 3 / PgDn |
| Numpad4 / NumpadLeft | 4 / ← |
| Numpad5 / NumpadClear | 5 / typically does nothing |
| Numpad6 / NumpadRight | 6 / → |
| Numpad7 / NumpadHome | 7 / Home |
| Numpad8 / NumpadUp | 8 / ↑ |
| Numpad9 / NumpadPgUp | 9 / PgUp |
| NumpadDot / NumpadDel | . / Del |
| NumLock | NumLock (number lock key). While Ctrl is held down, NumLock produces the key code of Pause, so use ^Pause in hotkeys instead of ^NumLock. |
| NumpadDiv | / (division) |
| NumpadMult | * (multiplication) |
| NumpadAdd | + (addition) |
| NumpadSub | - (subtraction) |
| NumpadEnter | Enter |
Function Keys
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| F1 - F24 | The 12 or more function keys at the top of most keyboards. |
Modifier Keys
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| LWin | Left Win. Corresponds to the <# hotkey prefix. |
| RWin | Right Win. Corresponds to the Note: Unlike Ctrl/Alt/Shift, there is no generic/neutral 'Win' key because the OS does not support it. However, hotkeys with the |
| Control (or Ctrl) | Ctrl. As a hotkey (Control::) it fires upon release unless it has the tilde prefix. Corresponds to the ^ hotkey prefix. |
| Alt | Alt. As a hotkey (Alt::) it fires upon release unless it has the tilde prefix. Corresponds to the ! hotkey prefix. |
| Shift | Shift. As a hotkey (Shift::) it fires upon release unless it has the tilde prefix. Corresponds to the + hotkey prefix. |
| LControl (or LCtrl) | Left Ctrl. Corresponds to the <^ hotkey prefix. |
| RControl (or RCtrl) | Right Ctrl. Corresponds to the >^ hotkey prefix. |
| LShift | Left Shift. Corresponds to the <+ hotkey prefix. |
| RShift | Right Shift. Corresponds to the >+ hotkey prefix. |
| LAlt | Left Alt. Corresponds to the <! hotkey prefix. |
| RAlt | Right Alt. Corresponds to the Note: If your keyboard layout has AltGr instead of RAlt, you can probably use it as a hotkey prefix via |
Multimedia Keys
The function assigned to each of the keys listed below can be overridden by modifying the Windows registry. This table shows the default function of each key on most versions of Windows.
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| Browser_Back | Back |
| Browser_Forward | Forward |
| Browser_Refresh | Refresh |
| Browser_Stop | Stop |
| Browser_Search | Search |
| Browser_Favorites | Favorites |
| Browser_Home | Homepage |
| Volume_Mute | Mute the volume |
| Volume_Down | Lower the volume |
| Volume_Up | Increase the volume |
| Media_Next | Next Track |
| Media_Prev | Previous Track |
| Media_Stop | Stop |
| Media_Play_Pause | Play/Pause |
| Launch_Mail | Launch default e-mail program |
| Launch_Media | Launch default media player |
| Launch_App1 | Launch My Computer |
| Launch_App2 | Launch Calculator |
Other Keys
| Name | Description |
|---|---|
| AppsKey | Menu. This is the key that invokes the right-click context menu. |
| PrintScreen | PrtSc (print screen key) |
| CtrlBreak | Ctrl+Pause or Ctrl+ScrollLock |
| Pause | Pause or Ctrl+NumLock. While Ctrl is held down, Pause produces the key code of CtrlBreak and NumLock produces Pause, so use ^CtrlBreak in hotkeys instead of ^Pause. |
| Break | Deprecated: Use the synonym Pause instead. |
| Help | Help. This probably doesn't exist on most keyboards. It's usually not the same as F1. |
| Sleep | Sleep. Note that the sleep key on some keyboards might not work with this. |
| SCnnn | Specify for nnn the scan code of a key. Recognizes unusual keys not mentioned above. See Special Keys for details. |
| VKnn | Specify for nn the hexadecimal virtual key code of a key. This rarely-used method also prevents certain types of hotkeys from requiring the keyboard hook. For example, the following hotkey does not use the keyboard hook, but as a side-effect it is triggered by pressing eitherHome or NumpadHome: Known limitation: VK hotkeys that are forced to use the keyboard hook, such as Warning: Only Send, GetKeyName(), GetKeyVK(), GetKeySC() and #MenuMaskKey support combining VKnn and SCnnn. [v1.1.27+]: The presence of an invalid suffix prevents VKnn from being recognized. For example, |
Joystick
Joy1 through Joy32: The buttons of the joystick. To help determine the button numbers for your joystick, use this test script. Note that hotkey prefix symbols such as ^ (control) and + (shift) are not supported (though GetKeyState() can be used as a substitute). Also note that the pressing of joystick buttons always 'passes through' to the active window if that window is designed to detect the pressing of joystick buttons.
Although the following Joystick control names cannot be used as hotkeys, they can be used with GetKeyState():
- JoyX, JoyY, and JoyZ: The X (horizontal), Y (vertical), and Z (altitude/depth) axes of the joystick.
- JoyR: The rudder or 4th axis of the joystick.
- JoyU and JoyV: The 5th and 6th axes of the joystick.
- JoyPOV: The point-of-view (hat) control.
- JoyName: The name of the joystick or its driver.
- JoyButtons: The number of buttons supported by the joystick (not always accurate).
- JoyAxes: The number of axes supported by the joystick.
- JoyInfo: Provides a string consisting of zero or more of the following letters to indicate the joystick's capabilities: Z (has Z axis), R (has R axis), U (has U axis), V (has V axis), P (has POV control), D (the POV control has a limited number of discrete/distinct settings), C (the POV control is continuous/fine). Example string: ZRUVPD
Multiple Joysticks: If the computer has more than one joystick and you want to use one beyond the first, include the joystick number (max 16) in front of the control name. For example, 2joy1 is the second joystick's first button.
Note: If you have trouble getting a script to recognize your joystick, one person reported needing to specify a joystick number other than 1 even though only a single joystick was present. It is unclear how this situation arises or whether it is normal, but experimenting with the joystick number in the joystick test script can help determine if this applies to your system.
See Also:
- Joystick remapping: Methods of sending keystrokes and mouse clicks with a joystick.
- Joystick-To-Mouse script: Using a joystick as a mouse.
Hand-held Remote Controls
Respond to signals from hand-held remote controls via the WinLIRC client script.
Special Keys
Qwerty Keyboard Number Of Keys
If your keyboard or mouse has a key not listed above, you might still be able to make it a hotkey by using the following steps:
- Ensure that at least one script is running that is using the keyboard hook. You can tell if a script has the keyboard hook by opening its main window and selecting 'View->Key history' from the menu bar.
- Double-click that script's tray icon to open its main window.
- Press one of the 'mystery keys' on your keyboard.
- Select the menu item 'View->Key history'
- Scroll down to the bottom of the page. Somewhere near the bottom are the key-down and key-up events for your key. NOTE: Some keys do not generate events and thus will not be visible here. If this is the case, you cannot directly make that particular key a hotkey because your keyboard driver or hardware handles it at a level too low for AutoHotkey to access. For possible solutions, see further below.
- If your key is detectable, make a note of the 3-digit hexadecimal value in the second column of the list (e.g. 159).
- To define this key as a hotkey, follow this example:
Reverse direction: To remap some other key to become a 'mystery key', follow this example:
Alternate solutions: If your key or mouse button is not detectable by the Key History screen, one of the following might help:
Reconfigure the software that came with your mouse or keyboard (sometimes accessible in the Control Panel or Start Menu) to have the 'mystery key' send some other keystroke. Such a keystroke can then be defined as a hotkey in a script. For example, if you configure a mystery key to send Ctrl+F1, you can then indirectly make that key as a hotkey by using
^F1::in a script.Try AHKHID. You can also try searching the forum for a keywords like
RawInput*,USB HIDorAHKHID.The following is a last resort and generally should be attempted only in desperation. This is because the chance of success is low and it may cause unwanted side-effects that are difficult to undo:
Disable or remove any extra software that came with your keyboard or mouse or change its driver to a more standard one such as the one built into the OS. This assumes there is such a driver for your particular keyboard or mouse and that you can live without the features provided by its custom driver and software.
Full Size Keyboard Number Of Keys
CapsLock and IME
Some configurations of Windows IME (such as Japanese input with English keyboard) use CapsLock to toggle between modes. In such cases, CapsLock is suppressed by the IME and cannot be detected by AutoHotkey. However, the Alt+CapsLock, Ctrl+CapsLock and Shift+CapsLock shortcuts can be disabled with a workaround. Specifically, send a key-up to modify the state of the IME, but prevent any other effects by signalling the keyboard hook to suppress the event. The following function can be used for this purpose:
65 Keyboard Number Of Keys
After copying the function into a script or saving it as SendSuppressedKeyUp.ahk in a function library, it can be used as follows: